Hello everyone. I am currently trying to classify an hyperspectral Image (HYMAP) using a spectral angle mapper classifier. Im having trouble on this and need urgent help.

I have an Hymap image called: HYMAP_SCENE

>> size(HYMAP_SCENE)

ans =

200 200 126

In this image, I define training sites for ten classes (1 to 10). I take the training pixels (100 per class) out of (HYMAP_SCENE) and put them into a training data matrix hym_t:

>> size(hym_t)

ans =
1000 126

furthermore I have a training label vectot train_l (size 1000,1) with the class labels.

from this, Im building a dataset, to train the spectral angle mapper:

>> hym_dv = dataset(hym_t,train_l)
>> A = samc(hym_dv)

First question: is this the right way to do it? And furthermore: What do I have to to, to get a spectral angle classification of the whole scene (that means of: HYMAP_SCENE)? I need a classification result of the size (200x200x1) which contains the class labels (1 to ten).

Please help me, I need this classification for my diploma thesis and I have got one week left :-)

Hi Andy,

yes you set up the database and trained classifier in the right way :-)

You can use im2feat PRTools function to create a dataset from your entire image. Here example on a small hyperspectral image:

Hope it helps,

Pavel

P.S.: Good luck with your thesis :-)

Hi Pavel, thanks a lot, yes it helped :-) in the meanwhile I found out another solution which would be:

hym=im2feat(hym);
sam_train=samc(ds1);
result=classim(hym,sam_train);

Is this also valid? And could I use the same way to get a minimum distance result? I mean using:

hym=im2feat(hym);
sam_train=mindistc(ds1);
result=classim(hym,sam_train);

Cheers ;-)

yes. This should work as well.

If, using mindistc, you encounter an error complaining about “Cell elements must be character arrays.” you’ll need to replace
w.lablist on line 94 in mindistc.m by getlablist(w).

Pavel

Hi Pavel,

unfortunately, it doesn’t work: Im receiving the error message:

??? Error using ==> isfeatim at 28

---- Dataset with feature images expected -----

Error in ==> classim at 56
isfeatim(a);

Error in ==> fastsam at 49
result=classim(hym,sam_train)

(fastsam is a small m-file I wrote which simply helps me to select the image).

hym ist a dataset made from the image AA

hym=im2feat(AA);

Its kind of strange. When calling it with

sam_train=samc(ds1);

it perfectly works, when calling it with

sam_train=mindistc(ds1);

it doesn’t. Do you have any ideas?

Cheers

Hi Andy,

looks like mindistc does not properly set the image size in the resulting dataset. Try to set it manually by typing out.objsize=hym.objsize
where out is the dataset returned when applying sam_train to your image dataset.

You can also patch mindistc.m routine by adding

on line 97, just before the end

Does it help?

Pavel

Hello Pavel,

well, it does. But unfortunatly, result only contains labels for class 1:

>> unique(result)

ans =

1

meaning that the entire image is of the same color. I tried so on a RGB image, defining seven classes which a quite easy to distinguish.

Am I still doing anything wrong?

Can you run getlab(sam_train) to validate that you really have multiple classes in the classifier?

Are samc and mindistc both returning only decision 1?

Pavel

Hello Pavel,

No matter whether I use samc or mindistc, getlab returns:
>> getlab(sam_train)

ans =

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
so it seems to be defined correctly. Do you have any other idea what could be the problem?

Thank you so much for helping

Then I’d look at classifier outputs. The decision is just an index of column with maximum per-class output. Check-out what comes out of the classifier:

Hi Pavel, hhhm, doing the same thing like you proposed returns:
>> out2=hym*sam_train
53109 by 7 dataset with 0 classes: []
>> out2(1:10,:)
10 by 7 dataset with 0 classes: []

in my case. Im sure theres got to be something wrong with that, but I have no idea what it could be. Do you ? :-)

you should include the unary plus operator before the out dataset to get the numbers out:

The same can be made using:

Yes, of course, I forgot. samc returns
>> +out2(1:10,:)

ans =

1.2368 1.2263 1.3103 0.4405 1.3887 1.2110 1.2285
1.3169 1.4146 1.5165 0.6636 1.4220 1.2174 1.3357
1.3057 1.4335 1.5167 0.6951 1.3982 1.1992 1.3394
1.3016 1.4375 1.5209 0.6924 1.4015 1.1955 1.3438
1.2930 1.4422 1.4988 0.7214 1.3745 1.1822 1.3373
1.2917 1.4345 1.5391 0.6487 1.4431 1.1940 1.3611
1.1769 1.1676 1.2445 0.3698 1.3375 1.1667 1.1857
0.9195 0.6431 0.7430 0.1524 0.7910 1.0253 0.6298
0.9544 0.6978 0.7961 0.1636 0.8494 1.0541 0.6889
1.3164 1.0484 1.1522 0.4795 1.1697 1.3815 1.0103

while mindistc returns:
>> +out2(1:10,:)

ans =

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

does that say anything to you? I cant see a reason why this yould happen.

I don’t see any reason why *all* mindistc output would be zero (if you have different prototypes).
However, in your code above, I can see you’re training both samc and mindistc on the same dataset called ds1. This could suggest a problem because samc is trained in the spectral feature-space but mindistc on the dissimilarity representation.
Here is an example:

Hope it helps,

Pavel

Hi Pavel, so far, it worked thanks a lot! What I did was:

a1=dataset(tdv,tlv);

tdv ist a matirx with the training instances, tlv contains the labels for seven classes

b=gendat(a1,[4 4 4 4 4 4 4]); Do I have to subset the data,or can I train on the entire set?

w=b*dissimm(’dsam’);
D=b*w;

wd=mindistc(D);
out=D*wd;

What I am still unable to achieve ist to classify the entire image. tdv are the training instances. The entire image is:

IMG=imread(’entire_image.png’);

I get the following error messages:

result=classim(IMG,wd);
??? Error using ==> map at 325
Data type not supported

Error in ==> C:\Users\Andy@Work\Downloads\prtools\@mapping\mtimes.p>mtimes at 15

Error in ==> classim at 52
a = a*w;

I also tried:

BB=im2feat(IMG);
>> result=classim(BB,wd);
??? Error using ==> setfeatsize at 35

The total feature size does not fit with the real number of features.
This might be caused when mappings are applied to datafiles with objects of different
size.

Error in ==> map at 265
a = setfeatsize(a,fsize); % needed to set object images, sometimes

Error in ==> C:\Users\Andy@Work\Downloads\prtools\@mapping\mtimes.p>mtimes at 15

Error in ==> classim at 52
a = a*w;

I must be doing anything wrong!

yes. I think that the key step missing for the entire image is to move from the spectral feature representation (dataset BB) to the dissimilarity representation and only then apply the mindistc classifier wd:

Pavel